Diagnóstico y manejo de hemangiomas infantiles.

Abstract

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are neoplasms that are produced by a rapid proliferation of vascular endothelial cells followed by a slow involutive phase. These lesions are not present at birth and they are generally diagnosed between 1 week and 1 month of age, most of them completing proliferation at 5 months to then involve into adipose or fibrous tissue. IHs represent the most common benign tumors of childhood. They develop following a characteristic and predictable growth pattern, which allows physicians to plan interventions on time. Although most lesions resolve spontaneously, treatment is indicated in cases associated with airway compromise, dysfunction, permanent disfigurement, and ulcerated or bleeding IH. The gold standard is propranolol, although there are other alternatives such as topical beta-blockers and laser therapy, surgery is rarely necessary. Early detection of high risk IH by pediatricians and general practitioners followed by a timely and effective approach and follow-up would reduce the various psychosocial manifestations and medical complications that can potentially develop.